Females of the lichen moth, Miltochrista calamina (Arctiidae, Lithosiinae), were previously shown to produce 5-methylheptadecan-7-ol (1) as a sex pheromone. In field tests, males were attracted only by the (5R,7R)-isomer of the four stereoisomers that were prepared by separation from two mixtures of diastereoisomers. A new route to (5R,7R)-1 starting from (S)-propylene oxide was developed utilizing the SN2 reaction of an optically active secondary tosylate and the Jacobsen hydrolytic kinetic resolution of an epoxide intermediate as key steps. Enantioselective HPLC analysis of the product and the antipode synthesized from (R)-propylene oxide confirmed their high enantiomeric excess (> 99 %). Using this stereospecific synthesis, six analogues with the same configuration as (5R,7R)-1 but with different alkyl chain(s) connected to the stereogenic centers were prepared in order to obtain GC/MS data and to examine the ability of M. calamina males to discriminate between them. The mass spectra of the synthetic analogues revealed characteristic fragment ions derived by cleavage around the methyl group in addition to that at the hydroxyl group. In field trapping tests, five out of the six compounds were attractive to male M. calamina moths, indicating that the males distinguished the configurations of methyl and hydroxyl groups but were less able to perceive differences in the lengths of the two alkyl chains in the pheromone.