Bisphenol A--sources, toxicity and biotransformation

Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;37(2):738-58. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.003. Epub 2014 Feb 8.

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound used in massive amounts in the production of synthetic polymers and thermal paper. In this review, the sources of BPA, which influence its occurrence in the environment and human surrounding will be presented. Data concerning BPA occurrence in food, water and indoor environments as well as its appearance in tissues and body fluids of human body will be shown. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies and the results of epidemiological surveys showing toxic, endocrine, mutagenic and cancerogenic action of BPA will also be discussed. Moreover, data suggesting that exposure of human to BPA may elevate risk of obesity, diabetes and coronary heart diseases will be presented. Finally, biotransformation of BPA in animals, plants and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae), resulting in the formation of various metabolites that exhibit different from BPA toxicity will be described.

Keywords: Biotransformation; Bisphenol A; Carcinogenicity; Estrogenicity; Metabolic disorders; Toxicity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Benzhydryl Compounds* / pharmacokinetics
  • Benzhydryl Compounds* / toxicity
  • Biotransformation
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Environmental Pollutants* / pharmacokinetics
  • Environmental Pollutants* / toxicity
  • Estrogens* / pharmacokinetics
  • Estrogens* / toxicity
  • Food Contamination
  • Humans
  • Phenols* / pharmacokinetics
  • Phenols* / toxicity

Substances

  • Benzhydryl Compounds
  • Environmental Pollutants
  • Estrogens
  • Phenols
  • bisphenol A