(19)F spin-lattice relaxation of perfluoropolyethers: Dependence on temperature and magnetic field strength (7.0-14.1T)

Deepak K Kadayakkara; Krishnan Damodaran; T Kevin Hitchens; Jeff W M Bulte; Eric T Ahrens

doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2014.01.014

(19)F spin-lattice relaxation of perfluoropolyethers: Dependence on temperature and magnetic field strength (7.0-14.1T)

J Magn Reson. 2014 May:242:18-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.01.014. Epub 2014 Feb 10.

Authors

Deepak K Kadayakkara¹, Krishnan Damodaran², T Kevin Hitchens³, Jeff W M Bulte⁴, Eric T Ahrens⁵

Affiliations

¹ Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Dept. of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular Imaging Section, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
² Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
³ Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
⁴ Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Dept. of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular Imaging Section, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: jwmbulte@mri.jhu.edu.
⁵ Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Abstract

Fluorine ((19)F) MRI of perfluorocarbon-labeled cells has become a powerful technique to track the migration and accumulation of cells in living organisms. It is common to label cells for (19)F MRI with nanoemulsions of perfluoropolyethers that contain a large number of chemically equivalent fluorine atoms. Understanding the mechanisms of (19)F nuclear relaxation, and in particular the spin-lattice relaxation of these molecules, is critical to improving experimental sensitivity. To date, the temperature and magnetic field strength dependence of spin-lattice relaxation rate constant (R1) for perfluoropolyethers has not been described in detail. In this study, we evaluated the R1 of linear perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and cyclic perfluoro-15-crown-5 ether (PCE) at three magnetic field strengths (7.0, 9.4, and 14.1T) and at temperatures ranging from 256-323K. Our results show that R1 of perfluoropolyethers is dominated by dipole-dipole interactions and chemical shift anisotropy. R1 increased with magnetic field strength for both PCE and PFPE. In the temperature range studied, PCE was in the fast motion regime (ωτc<1) at all field strengths, but for PFPE, R1 passed through a maximum, from which the rotational correlation time was estimated. The importance of these measurements for the rational design of new (19)F MRI agents and methods is discussed.

Keywords: (19)F MRI; (19)F NMR; (19)F cellular MRI; Cell tracking; Fluorine-19 MRI; Perfluorocarbons; R(1); Spin–lattice relaxation; T(1).

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Contrast Media / chemistry
Contrast Media / radiation effects
Ethers / chemistry*
Ethers / radiation effects*
Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods*
Fluorocarbons / chemistry*
Fluorocarbons / radiation effects*
Humans
Magnetic Fields*
Materials Testing
Radiation Dosage
Temperature*

Substances

Contrast Media
Ethers
Fluorocarbons
perfluoropolyether

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding