Hydatidiform mole: age-related clinical presentation and high rate of severe complications in older women

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2014 May;93(5):503-7. doi: 10.1111/aogs.12357. Epub 2014 Mar 20.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate differences in clinical presentation of hydatidiform mole between women ≥40 years and younger women.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: A tertiary referral unit in northern Italy.

Population: Three hundred and sixty-five women with hydatidiform mole were divided into group A (<40 years, 318 cases) and group B (≥40 years, 47 cases).

Methods: Clinical presentation between groups A and B was analyzed, also considering partial hydatidiform mole and complete hydatidiform mole.

Main outcome measures: Differences in clinical presentation according to woman's age.

Results: In group B the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole at ≥12 gestational weeks was more frequent (p < 0.001) and the detection of ultrasound features was higher (p < 0.05) than in group A. Vaginal bleeding (p < 0.05), increased uterine volume (p < 0.0001) and hyperemesis (p < 0.05) occurred more frequently in group B. In the women with complete hydatidiform mole, group B women presented with vaginal bleeding (p < 0.001), increased uterine volume (p < 0.05) and hyperemesis (p < 0.05) more frequently than group A women. Complete hydatidiform mole was more commonly diagnosed after 12 weeks of gestation in group B (p < 0.0001). In women ≥50 years, an increased rate of disease-related complications was detected.

Conclusions: The clinical features of hydatidiform mole in women ≥40 years are different from those seen in younger women. Failures in the early detection of hydatidiform mole in older women may expose them to a higher rate of severe complications.

Keywords: Hydatidiform mole; clinical presentation; complete hydatidiform mole; disease-related complications; partial hydatidiform mole; patients' age; symptoms.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Female
  • Gestational Age*
  • Humans
  • Hydatidiform Mole / complications
  • Hydatidiform Mole / diagnosis*
  • Hydatidiform Mole / diagnostic imaging
  • Hyperemesis Gravidarum / etiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Organ Size
  • Pregnancy
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Ultrasonography
  • Uterine Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Uterine Neoplasms / complications
  • Uterine Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Uterine Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Uterus / pathology*
  • Young Adult