Thinking like a duck: fall lake use and movement patterns of juvenile ring-necked ducks before migration

PLoS One. 2014 Feb 14;9(2):e88597. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088597. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

The post-fledging period is one of the least studied portions of the annual cycle in waterfowl. Yet, recruitment into the breeding population requires that young birds have sufficient resources to survive this period. We used radio-telemetry and generalized estimating equations to examine support for four hypotheses regarding the drivers of landscape scale habitat use and movements made by juvenile ring-necked ducks between the pre-fledging period and departure for migration. Our response variables included the probability of movement, distances moved, and use of different lake types: brood-rearing lakes, staging lakes, and lakes with low potential for disturbance. Birds increased their use of staging areas and lakes with low potential for disturbance (i.e., without houses or boat accesses, >100 m from roads, or big lakes with areas where birds could sit undisturbed) throughout the fall, but these changes began before the start of the hunting season and their trajectory was not changed by the onset of hunting. Males and females moved similar distances and had similar probabilities of movements each week. However, females were more likely than males to use brood-rearing lakes later in the fall. Our findings suggest juvenile ring-necked ducks require different lake types throughout the fall, and managing solely for breeding habitat will be insufficient for meeting needs during the post-fledging period. Maintaining areas with low potential for disturbance and areas suitable for staging will ensure that ring-necked ducks have access to habitat throughout the fall.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animal Migration / physiology*
  • Animals
  • Breeding
  • Ducks / physiology*
  • Female
  • Lakes*
  • Linear Models
  • Male
  • Movement / physiology*
  • Probability
  • Seasons*
  • Telemetry
  • Thinking*

Grants and funding

Funding was provided by Wildlife Restoration Program for Wildlife Research-Species and Habitat Initiatives W-71-R-2. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.