Biased saccadic responses to emotional stimuli in anxiety: an antisaccade study

PLoS One. 2014 Feb 11;9(2):e86474. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086474. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Research suggests that anxiety is maintained by an attentional bias to threat, and a growing base of evidence suggests that anxiety may additionally be associated with the deficient attentional processing of positive stimuli. The present study sought to examine whether such anxiety-linked attentional biases were associated with either stimulus driven or attentional control mechanisms of attentional selectivity. High and low trait anxious participants completed an emotional variant of an antisaccade task, in which they were required to prosaccade towards, or antisaccade away from a positive, neutral or threat stimulus, while eye movements were recorded. While low anxious participants were found to be slower to saccade in response to positive stimuli, irrespectively of whether a pro- or antisaccade was required, such a bias was absent in high anxious individuals. Analysis of erroneous antisaccades further revealed at trend level, that anxiety was associated with reduced peak velocity in response to threat. The findings suggest that anxiety is associated with the aberrant processing of positive stimuli, and greater compensatory efforts in the inhibition of threat. The findings further highlight the relevance of considering saccade peak velocity in the assessment of anxiety-linked attentional processing.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anxiety / psychology*
  • Anxiety Disorders / psychology
  • Attention*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Emotions
  • Facial Expression
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Saccades / physiology*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

This project was partially supported by an Australian Research Council (ARC) linkage grant (LP110200562) to Guastella and MacLeod. MacLeod is supported by an ARC Grant - DP140104448 and by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PNII-ID-PCCE-2011-2-0045. Watson is supported by an ARC postdoctoral fellowship (DP110102173). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.