Myopic traction maculopathy is a group of ocular fundus diseases related to high myopia, which can severely impact on patients' visual function. It is well recognized that the abnormal of macular structure and function in the disease are resulted from various traction mechanisms, including the forces from posterior vitreous detachment, posterior vitreous cortex, and macular epiretinal membrane which acting on the inner retina, the force from posterior staphyloma which acting on the outer retina, and retinal intrinsic features such as the changes of inner limiting membrane and arterioles. The treatments are mainly based on surgery, including vitrectomy and scleral reinforcement surgery in order to relieve the retinal traction. The options of specific surgery procedures are still under debated. In this article, we reviewed the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of myopic traction maculopathy.