MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding, and endogenous RNA molecules, which are evolutionarily conserved but play a significant role in regulation of protein-coding gene expression at posttranscriptional and translational levels. Strikingly, a single miRNA is able to trigger hundreds of putative target genes by incomplete or complete complementary binding to their 3' untranslated regions. Given their appearance in almost all types of tissues, miRNAs have been demonstrated to be intensively involved in normal and pathological processes of human cells. Aside from the role as invaluable biomarkers in indication of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, numerous studies have revealed the potential of miRNAs as novel targets of anticancer drugs in cancer therapy. In this review article, we focus on the summary of the latest publications on the topic of miRNA and anticancer drugs, and expect to shed light on understanding the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance involving miRNA regulation. These pieces of evidence will eventually provide insight into the development of novel and more efficacious anticancer drugs in the future.
Keywords: cancer; chemoresistance; chemotherapy; microRNA.