Background: Both cervical and occipital pain has been reported in pediatric patients with migraine. There are no descriptions of anatomical changes on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging that can explain the pathophysiology of headache with cervical and occipital pain in this age group. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of cervical and occipital pain in children and adolescents with migraine as opposed to other types of headache and to seek corresponding anatomic abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods: The cohort included 194 patients with headache attending the ambulatory headache clinic of a pediatric tertiary medical center. Data were collected by medical file review and revision of conventional magnetic resonance scans.
Results: Patients were divided into two groups: migraine headache (n = 125) and other types of headache (n = 69). Occipital pain was reported by 16.4% of the patients and cervical pain by 4.1%; neither type of pain was characteristic of migraine headache in particular. Brain magnetic resonance imaging did not show any anatomic changes specific to migraine or other headache types, regardless of the presence of occipital or cervical pain.
Conclusions: Occipital and cervical pain are not characteristic symptoms of any headache group in the pediatric age group, and their presence or absence does not correspond to changes on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging.
Keywords: brain magnetic resonance imaging; children; craniocervical pain; occipital pain.
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