Elasto-regenerative properties of polyphenols

Abstract

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are progressive dilatations of infra-renal aorta causing structural weakening rendering the aorta prone to rupture. AAA can be potentially stabilized by inhibiting inflammatory enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP); however, active regression of AAA is not possible without new elastic fiber regeneration. Here we report the elastogenic benefit of direct delivery of polyphenols such as pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and catechin, to smooth muscle cells obtained either from healthy or from aneurysmal rat aorta. Addition of 10 μg/ml PGG and ECGC induce elastin synthesis, organization, and crosslinking while catechin does not. Our results indicate that polyphenols bind to monomeric tropoelastin and enhance coacervation, aid in crosslinking of elastin by increasing lysyl oxidase (LOX) synthesis, and by blocking MMP-2 activity. Thus, polyphenol treatments leads to increased mature elastin fibers synthesis without increasing the production of intracellular tropoelastin.

Keywords: Abdominal aortic aneurysm; Elastin; Elastogenesis; Polyphenols; Vascular smooth muscle cells.