Objectives: To identify useful biomarkers for differentiating between malignant mesothelioma (MM) and reactive mesothelial cells (RMCs).
Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from 34 MM and 40 RMC samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, and the findings were compared.
Results: Positive markers for MM included insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA binding protein 3 (IMP3), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and CD146, which showed sensitivities of 94%, 85%, 79%, and 71% and specificities of 78%, 100%, 88%, and 98%, respectively. In sarcomatoid MM, EMA had significantly lower expression than did IMP3, GLUT1, and CD146 (P < .001). The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were the highest for IMP3 (0.95), followed by GLUT1 (0.93). When the optimal cutoff points for IMP3 (30%) and GLUT1 (10%) were used, the sensitivity of IMP3 and GLUT1 for MM was 100%, and the specificity of both for MM was 95%.
Conclusions: The combination of IMP3 and GLUT1 is most appropriate for distinguishing MM from RMC using FFPE sections.
Keywords: CD146; Desmin; EMA; GLUT1; IMP3; Immunohistochemistry; Malignant mesothelioma; Reactive mesothelial cell.