Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood

Abstract

Aims: The aims were to examine the effects of psychotherapy on depressive and anxiety symptoms, the occurrence of suicidal ideations and diurnal cortisol patterns in patients with adjustment disorder (AD) with depressed mood.

Methods: Participants recruited from an outpatient department of psychiatry at a general hospital were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 34 in psychotherapy group and 37 in control group. The control group consisted of one-session psychoeducation. Psychotherapy included the eight-weekly body-mind-spirit (BMS) group psychotherapy. Measures included Beck Depression Inventory-II and State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Salivary cortisol samples were collected from the patients at their homes on awakening; 30 and 45 min after awakening; and at 1200, 1700 and 2100 h. Measurements were taken at baseline and at months 2 (end of intervention), 5, 8 and 14.

Results: There was no differential change over time between the BMS and control groups in self-reported depression or anxiety symptoms. However, suicidal ideation appeared to be reduced in the psychotherapy group. Changes in diurnal cortisol patterns were also significantly different in group × time interactions, in favor of BMS group.

Conclusions: Psychotherapy likely provides improvements in psychobiological stress responses and decreases the occurrence of suicidal ideation in patients with AD.

Keywords: Adjustment disorder; Cortisol; Depression; Psychotherapy; Suicide.