Change in masticatory ability with the implant restoration of second molars

Abstract

Statement of problem: Controversy exists as to whether missing second molars should be replaced to restore masticatory ability.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the alteration in masticatory ability associated with the implant restoration of the second molar; the subjective effect of implant treatment on the participant was also assessed.

Material and methods: Twenty-one individuals (13 men and 8 women) participated. Masticatory ability was recorded before the cementation of implant-supported single crowns, immediately after cementation, and 1 month after cementation. The occlusal load (Pa), the load-bearing contact area (mm(2)), and the maximum occlusal force (N) were calculated. A subjective evaluation of masticatory ability was conducted before treatment and 1 month after treatment through the use of a questionnaire to evaluate chewing difficulties and global satisfaction with treatment. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the difference in scores.

Results: The load-bearing contact area, maximum occlusal force, and participant satisfaction were found to increase significantly 1 month after the cementation of implant-supported single crowns. The restoration of the second molar with an implant increased both objective masticatory ability and subjective satisfaction 1 month after cementation of the implant-supported single crowns.

Conclusions: Patients presenting with a missing second molar may benefit from replacement with implant-supported crowns. Longer study periods and larger sample populations are needed to obtain more definitive results.