We investigated the effectiveness of the application of inbred adipose-derived stromal cells (IR-ASCs) in high inbred rat plasma (IRP) (6%)-Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM) gel with fragmin/protamine microparticles (F/P MPs) (IR-ASCs + IRP-DMEM gel + F/P MPs) on wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. F/P MPs have previously been used as a cell carrier for IR-ASCs in inbred Fisher 344 rats and for preservation and controlled release of various cytokines in IRP-DMEM gel. We applied IR-ASCs + IRP-DMEM gel + F/P MPs to full-thickness skin excisions on the backs of the diabetic rats. The statistical significance of wound closure was evaluated on postwounding days 3, 7, 10, and 14, and the skin area surrounding the wound was removed for histological examination on days 7 and 14. The wound closure rate and histological examination of wounds treated with IR-ASCs + IRP-DMEM gel + F/P MPs demonstrated significantly advanced epithelialization, capillary formation, and granulation tissue formation. When DiI-labeled IR-ASCs + IRP-DMEM gel + F/P MPs were applied to full-thickness skin wounds on the backs of the diabetic rats, histological observation at 2 weeks showed appearances of both DiI-labeled granulation tissue and CD31-immunostained microvessels in the transplant areas. A portion of the transplanted IR-ASCs + IRP-DMEM gel + F/P MPs had been taken up into the granulation tissues to promote wound healing. Thus, IR-ASCs + IRP-DMEM gel + F/P MPs were effective for repairing healing-impaired wounds such as those arising in the diabetic rats.