Abstract
Current strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus promote individualized plans to achieve target glucose levels on a patient-by-patient basis while minimizing treatment related risks. Maintaining glycemic control over time is a significant challenge because of the progressive nature of diabetes as a result of declining β-cell function. This article identifies complications of non-insulin treatments for diabetes. The major classes of medications are reviewed with special focus on target population, mechanism of action, effect on weight, cardiovascular outcomes and additional class-specific side effects including effects on bone. Effects on β-cell function are also highlighted.
Keywords:
Cardiovascular outcomes; Diabetes; Treatment complications; β-cell function.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Biguanides / adverse effects
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Biguanides / therapeutic use
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / therapy*
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / adverse effects
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / analogs & derivatives
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / therapeutic use
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Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors
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Humans
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Hypoglycemic Agents / adverse effects*
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Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
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Insulin Resistance
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Insulin-Secreting Cells / drug effects
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Insulin-Secreting Cells / pathology
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Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / adverse effects
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Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / therapeutic use
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Sulfonylurea Compounds / adverse effects
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Sulfonylurea Compounds / therapeutic use
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Thiazolidinediones / adverse effects
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Thiazolidinediones / therapeutic use
Substances
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Biguanides
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Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors
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Hypoglycemic Agents
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Islet Amyloid Polypeptide
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Sulfonylurea Compounds
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Thiazolidinediones
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1