High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for the determination of nitrofuran metabolites in pork muscle

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2013;30(12):2114-22. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.849387. Epub 2013 Nov 28.

Abstract

A simple and sensitive HPLC method with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) is reported for the simultaneous determination of metabolites of four nitrofuran drugs (furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone) in pork muscle. The method involves acid hydrolysis of the protein-bound drug metabolites and the conjugation of the released side-chains with a novel fluorescence agent 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. After liquid-liquid extraction and effective separation of the derivatives on a YMC-Pack Polymer C18 column at 40°C under alkaline conditions, the high fluorescence intensity of these derivatives at emission wavelength λem = 463 nm enables their simultaneous determination in pork muscle at concentrations as low as 1 µg kg⁻¹. The method was validated using blank pork muscle fortified with all four metabolites at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µg kg⁻¹. Recoveries were > 92.3% with RSDs < 8.5% for all four metabolites. The results obtained with HPLC-FLD and LC-MS/MS methods showed very good agreement for pork muscle samples.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Analytic Sample Preparation Methods
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / analysis*
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / metabolism
  • Biotransformation
  • Carcinogens / analysis*
  • Carcinogens / chemistry
  • Carcinogens / metabolism
  • China
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Drug Residues / analysis*
  • Drug Residues / chemistry
  • Drug Residues / metabolism
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
  • Food Contamination*
  • Food Inspection / methods*
  • Limit of Detection
  • Meat / analysis*
  • Meat / economics
  • Muscle, Skeletal / chemistry
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Mutagens / analysis
  • Mutagens / chemistry
  • Mutagens / metabolism
  • Naphthalenes / chemistry
  • Nitrofurans / analysis*
  • Nitrofurans / chemistry
  • Nitrofurans / metabolism
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Sus scrofa

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Carcinogens
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Mutagens
  • Naphthalenes
  • Nitrofurans
  • 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde