Type 2 diabetes elicits lower nitric oxide, bradykinin concentration and kallikrein activity together with higher DesArg(9)-BK and reduced post-exercise hypotension compared to non-diabetic condition

PLoS One. 2013 Nov 12;8(11):e80348. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080348. eCollection 2013.

Abstract

This study compared the plasma kallikrein activity (PKA), bradykinin concentration (BK), DesArg(9)-BK production, nitric oxide release (NO) and blood pressure (BP) response after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise performed by individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Ten subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 10 without type 2 diabetes (ND) underwent three sessions: 1) maximal incremental test on cycle ergometer to determine lactate threshold (LT); 2) 20-min of constant-load exercise on cycle ergometer, at 90% LT and; 3) control session. BP and oxygen uptake were measured at rest and at 15, 30 and 45 min post-exercise. Venous blood samples were collected at 15 and 45 minutes of the recovery period for further analysis of PKA, BK and DesArg(9)-BK. Nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) was analyzed at 15 minutes post exercise. The ND group presented post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure on the 90% LT session but T2D group did not. Plasma NOx increased ~24.4% for ND and ~13.8% for T2D group 15 min after the exercise session. Additionally, only ND individuals showed increases in PKA and BK in response to exercise and only T2D group showed increased DesArg(9)-BK production. It was concluded that T2D individuals presented lower PKA, BK and NOx release as well as higher DesArg(9)-BK production and reduced PEH in relation to ND participants after a single exercise session.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Blood Glucose
  • Blood Pressure
  • Bradykinin / analogs & derivatives
  • Bradykinin / blood*
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / physiopathology*
  • Exercise
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Nitric Oxide / blood*
  • Plasma Kallikrein*
  • Post-Exercise Hypotension*
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Plasma Kallikrein
  • Bradykinin

Grants and funding

The authors are grateful for the students' scholarships at undergraduate (CNPq), masters (CAPES) and PhD (CAPES and CNPq), as well as for the research productivity scholarships (CNPq) and materials for this research (CAPES/PROCAD and CNPq). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.