Neuropsychology of perpetrators of domestic violence: the role of traumatic brain injury and alcohol abuse and/or dependence

Rev Neurol. 2013 Dec 1;57(11):515-22.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Neuropsychological impairments of the executive functions, memory, attention, intelligence quotient, and empathy have been found in perpetrators of domestic violence (intimate partner violence). These impairments could be partially explained by alcohol abuse, dependence, or traumatic brain injuries.

Aims: This study reviews the neuropsychological deficits of perpetrators of intimate partner violence. At the same it seeks to integrate and relate these main points with their neuroanatomical correlates. We have also established the relationship between alcohol abuse, dependence, brain damage (including traumatic brain injuries) and those deficits.

Development: Scientific literature has been reviewed by means of Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge.

Conclusions: Perpetrators of domestic violence present high mental rigidity, as well as low levels of inhibition, processing speed, verbal and attention skills, and abstract reasoning. Additionally, perpetrators show working and long play memory impairments. Moreover, those deficits could be impaired by traumatic brain injuries and alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Nonetheless, these both variables are not enough to explain the deficits. Functional abnormalities on the prefrontal and occipital cortex, fusiform gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, thalamus and amygdala could be associated with these impairments. An analysis of these mechanisms may assist in the development of neuropsychological rehabilitation programmes that could help improve current therapies.

Title: Neuropsicologia del maltratador: el rol de los traumatismos craneoencefalicos y el abuso o dependencia del alcohol.

Introduccion. Gran parte de los hombres que ejercen maltrato contra sus parejas presentan deficits en funciones ejecutivas, memoria y atencion, capacidades intelectuales y empatia. Dos factores coadyuvantes a estas deficiencias son los traumatismos craneoencefalicos y el abuso de alcohol. Objetivo. Revisar y recapitular los resultados obtenidos sobre los deficits neuropsicologicos en maltratadores y relacionarlos con los correlatos neuroanatomicos implicados en las funciones alteradas. Se enfatiza el papel de los traumatismos craneoencefalicos y el abuso o la dependencia del alcohol, asi como la posible existencia de daño organico cerebral. Desarrollo. Se ha revisado la bibliografia cientifica usando los buscadores Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline e ISI Web of Knowledge. Conclusiones. Los maltratadores presentan un detrimento de la flexibilidad cognitiva, la capacidad de inhibicion, la velocidad de procesamiento y las habilidades verbales. Ademas, muestran una atencion pobre, una baja capacidad de abstraccion y una limitacion en las habilidades mnemicas, tanto de la memoria de trabajo como a largo plazo. Los traumatismos craneoencefalicos y el abuso o la dependencia del alcohol exacerban los deficits ya presentes en los maltratadores, pero no son suficientes per se para explicarlos. Estos deficits podrian ser producto de un funcionamiento anormal de estructuras como los cortex prefrontal y occipital, el giro fusiforme y el cingulado posterior, el hipocampo, el talamo y la amigdala. La comprension de dichos mecanismos favoreceria el desarrollo de terapias de rehabilitacion neuropsicologica coadyuvantes a las terapias establecidas hoy en dia.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alcoholism / complications
  • Alcoholism / psychology*
  • Attention
  • Brain / pathology*
  • Brain / physiopathology
  • Brain Damage, Chronic / etiology
  • Brain Damage, Chronic / pathology
  • Brain Damage, Chronic / psychology
  • Brain Damage, Chronic / rehabilitation
  • Brain Injuries / complications
  • Brain Injuries / psychology*
  • Criminals*
  • Decision Making
  • Domestic Violence* / psychology
  • Emotions
  • Executive Function
  • Humans
  • Inhibition, Psychological
  • Intelligence
  • Memory Disorders / etiology
  • Memory Disorders / psychology
  • Models, Neurological
  • Models, Psychological
  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuropsychological Tests