The use of analgesic, antipyretic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by children more often than not neither have the approval of regulatory agencies nor the endorsement of scientific evidence. Pediatric prescriptions can be influenced by factors that do not promote the rational use of drugs by this category. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of analgesic, antipyretic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children, considering the public (SUS) and private (N-SUS) sectors. The sample comprised 150 prescriptions (101 SUS and 49 Non-SUS) followed by interviews with the caregivers in eighteen locations (nine private drugstores and nine units of the Unified Health System (SUS). The drugs were prescribed appropriately, by age group, only in 21.8% (SUS) and 29.6% (Non-SUS) prescriptions. Over 95% of prescription, regardless of source, did not meet the established criteria for evaluation of their rational use, with dosage, frequency and duration of treatment errors. The analysis of prescriptions for analgesic, antipyretic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for children revealed no significant differences between the public and private sectors.