World Heath Organization (WHO) put forward a global initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness by 2020. The avoidable blindness includes blindness in children such as amblyopia. The critical period of human visual development is from 0 to 3 years old when is just in the period of infancy and young childhood, therefore vision screening for infants and young children should be attached importance, which is critical significant to the children blindness prevention. Due to many aspects of causes, the vision and related risk factor screening for the infants and young children in China is still faced with many challenges. The article strengthened the aspects of the importance of vision screening for infants and young children and put forward some strategies and suggestions.