Several experiments were conducted to determine whether the ingestion of diterpenoids (resin acids) by pine sawfly larvae influences the survival of postlarval stages. Larvae of two diprionid sawfly species were reared on shoots of two Scots pine clones, one with a low (1.5% dry wt) concentration of resin acids and the other with a high (5.2% dry wt) concentration. No significant treatment-related differences were found in any of the experiments with respect to (1) resistance against parasitoids, (2) preference of predatory shrews and carabids, and (3) apparency of cocoons in the field to predators. A preference of sawfly prepupae to spin cocoon in feces from larvae reared on high resin acid needles was found. Possible explanations for these results are discussed. Detection of an unknown compound, possibly a breakdown product of the major resin acid in pine needles (pinifolic acid), in prepupae indicate that resin acids may be metabolized by the sawflies.