Young overweight women are at risk of iron and zinc deficiency. This study assessed iron, zinc and inflammatory status during a 12-month weight loss trial in young women (18-25 y; BMI >=27.5 kg/m2) randomised to a higher-protein (HP: 32% protein; 12.2 mg/day iron; 11.7 mg/day zinc) or lower-protein (LP: 20%; 9.9 mg/day; 7.6 mg/day respectively) diet with contrasting haem iron and zinc content. In completers (HP: n=21; LP: n=15), HP participants showed higher median ferritin (52.0 vs 39.0 μg/L; p=0.021) and lower median soluble transferrin receptor-ferritin index (sTfR-F; 0.89 vs 1.05; p=0.024) although concentrations remained within normal range for both diets. Median C-reactive protein (CRP; HP: 3.54; LP: 4.63 mg/L) and hepcidin (HP: 5.70; LP: 8.25 ng/mL) were not elevated at baseline, and no longitudinal between-diet differences were observed for zinc and CRP. Compared to those with <5% weight loss, HP participants losing >=10% weight showed lower median sTfR-F (0.76 vs 1.03; p=0.019) at six months. Impact of >=10% weight loss on iron was more apparent in LP participants who exhibited greater mean serum iron (20.0 vs 13.5 μmol/L; p=0.002), transferrin saturation (29.8% vs 19.4%; p=0.001) and lower sTfR (1.24 vs 1.92 mg/L; p=0.034) at 12 months. Results show normal iron and zinc status can be maintained during 12 months of energy restriction. In the absence of elevated baseline inflammation and hepcidin, a more favourable iron profile in those with >=10% weight loss may reflect stronger compliance or the potential influence of iron regulatory mechanisms unrelated to inflammatory hepcidin reduction.
鐵和鋅缺乏常見於年輕過重女性。本研究旨在評估，年輕婦女參與12 個月減重 試驗期間之鐵、鋅和發炎狀況。參與婦女(18-25 歲; BMI >=27.5 kg/m2)隨機分為較 高蛋白(HP: 含32%蛋白質; 鐵12.2 mg/日; 鋅11.7 mg/日)或較低蛋白飲食(LP: 含 20%蛋白質; 鐵9.9 mg/日; 鋅7.6 mg/日)兩組，兩種飲食所含之血基質鐵和鋅含量 不同。在完成試驗者中，雖然兩組皆落在正常範圍內，但HP 組有較高的儲鐵蛋 白中位數(52.0 比39.0 μg/L; p =0.021)及較低的可溶性轉鐵蛋白受體-儲鐵蛋白指 數中位數(sTfR-F; 0.89 比1.05; p =0.024)。在基線時，C 反應蛋白(CRP; HP: 3.54; LP: 4.63 mg/L)和鐵調節素(HP: 5.70; LP: 8.25 ng/mL)中位數值未升高，且兩組間 的鋅與C 反應蛋白濃度並未隨著試驗進行而有顯著差異。HP 組體重減少>=10% 者，比起減少<5%者，在第6 個月時有較低的sTfR-F 中位數(0.76 比1.03; p=0.019)。在第12 個月時，LP 組中體重減少>=10%者，比起減少<5%者，其鐵狀 況受到影響較明顯，例如有較高平均血清鐵(20.0 比13.5 μmol/L; p=0.002)、轉鐵 蛋白飽和度(29.8% 比19.4%; p=0.001) 和較低的sTfR (1.24 比1.92 mg/L; p=0.034)。結果顯示，為期12 個月之熱量限制仍舊可以維持正常鐵和鋅濃度。 在基線時未發炎和鐵調節素未升高的情況下，體重減少>=10%者呈現較佳鐵指標 數值，也許可反映出，這些參與者具較高順從性，或是鐵調節機制潛在影響與 發炎性鐵調節素的減少無關。