The effects of being overweight and obese on female reproduction: a review

Gynecol Endocrinol. 2014 Feb;30(2):90-4. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2013.850660. Epub 2013 Nov 4.

Abstract

Obesity is a major international problem related to many reproductive health problems including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This article reviews the evidence of being overweight and its effect on female reproduction. The fecundity of obese women is lower than normal weight women, but there is no absolute consensus about the effect of obesity on infertility treatment. The obese patient might have oocyte, hormone, metabolic and endometrial dysfunction affecting reproduction. Insulin and leptin may be some of the answers explaining anovulation during obesity leading to infertility. Moreover, the follicular glucose and lipids which are important for oocyte development also increase in the obese patient and these might have an effect on oocyte quality because studies in mice have revealed that the obesity affects follicular cell stress and oocyte lipids. Overall, obesity affects female reproduction by disturbing the general body metabolism, hormone metabolism and the follicular environment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Body Mass Index
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infertility, Female / complications
  • Infertility, Female / physiopathology*
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / physiopathology*
  • Overweight / complications
  • Overweight / physiopathology*
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / complications
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / physiopathology*
  • Reproduction / physiology*