A histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography study of bone regeneration in the maxillary sinus comparing biphasic calcium phosphate and deproteinized cancellous bovine bone in a human split-mouth model

Abstract

Objective: The gain of mineralized bone was compared between deproteinized bovine bone allograft (DBA) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) for dental implant placement.

Study design: Five patients with atrophic maxillae underwent bilateral sinus elevation with DBA (Bio-Oss) and BCP (Straumann BoneCeramic). After 3 to 8 months, 32 Camlog implants were placed, and biopsies were retrieved. Bone and graft volume, degree of bone mineralization, and graft degradation gradient were determined using micro-computed tomography, and bone formation and resorption parameters were measured using histomorphometry. Implant functioning and peri-implant mucosa were evaluated up to 4 years.

Results: Patients were prosthetically successfully restored. All but one of the implants survived, and peri-implant mucosa showed healthy appearance and stability. Bone volume, graft volume, degree of bone mineralization, and osteoclast and osteocyte numbers were similar, but BCP-grafted biopsies had relatively more osteoid than DBA-grafted biopsies.

Conclusions: The BCP and DBA materials showed similar osteoconductive patterns and mineralized bone, although signs of more active bone formation and remodeling were observed in BCP- than in DBA-grafted biopsies.