Bifunctional polymer hydrogel layers as forward osmosis draw agents for continuous production of fresh water using solar energy

Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Nov 19;47(22):13160-6. doi: 10.1021/es403266y. Epub 2013 Nov 4.

Abstract

The feasibility of bilayer polymer hydrogels as draw agent in forward osmosis process has been investigated. The dual-functionality hydrogels consist of a water-absorptive layer (particles of a copolymer of sodium acrylate and N-isopropylacrylamide) to provide osmotic pressure, and a dewatering layer (particles of N-isopropylacrylamide) to allow the ready release of the water absorbed during the FO drawing process at lower critical solution temperature (32 °C). The use of solar concentrated energy as the source of heat resulted in a significant increase in the dewatering rate as the temperature of dewatering layer increased to its LSCT more rapidly. Dewatering flux rose from 10 to 25 LMH when the solar concentrator increased the input energy from 0.5 to 2 kW/m(2). Thermodynamic analysis was also performed to find out the minimum energy requirement of such a bilayer hydrogel-driven FO process. This study represents a significant step forward toward the commercial implementation of hydrogel-driven FO system for continuous production of fresh water from saline water or wastewaters.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acrylamides / chemistry
  • Fresh Water / chemistry*
  • Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / chemistry*
  • Osmosis*
  • Polymers / chemistry*
  • Salinity
  • Solar Energy*
  • Solutions
  • Temperature

Substances

  • Acrylamides
  • Polymers
  • Solutions
  • Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
  • N-isopropylacrylamide