Multiple system atrophy

Abstract

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic and fatal α-synuclein-linked oligodendrogliopathy manifesting with progressive autonomic failure, poorly levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, and cerebellar ataxia, in any combination. Here we review key aspects of MSA integrating important insights from rapidly emerging fields such as genetics, diagnostic work-up including imaging, and translational therapies aimed at disease modification.

Keywords: Multiple system atrophy; autonomic failure; cerebellar ataxia; orthostatic hypotension; parkinsonism; therapy; urogenital failure.