Catalytic activity of copper (II) oxide prepared via ultrasound assisted Fenton-like reaction

Abstract

Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in an ultrasound assisted Fenton-like aqueous reaction between copper (II) cations and hydrogen peroxide. The reactions were initiated with the degradation of hydrogen peroxide by ultrasound induced cavitations at 0 °C or 5 °C and subsequent generation of the OH radical. The radical was converted into hydroxide anion in Fenton-like reactions and copper hydroxides were readily converted to oxides without the need of post annealing or aging of the samples. The products were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Catalytic activity of the nanoparticles for the hydrogen peroxide assisted degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the dark was tested by UV-visible spectroscopy with methylene blue as the model compound. The rate of the reaction was first order, however the rate constants changed after the initial hour. Initial rate constants as high as 0.030 min(-1) were associated with the high values of surface area, i.e. 70 m(2)/g. Annealing of the products at 150 °C under vacuum resulted in the decrease of the catalytic activity, underlying the significance of the cavitation induced surface defects in the catalytic process.

Keywords: Catalysis; Copper (II) oxide; Fenton-like reactions; Ultrasonic activation.