Dynamic conformational switching in the chemokine ligand is essential for G-protein-coupled receptor activation

Biochem J. 2013 Dec 1;456(2):241-51. doi: 10.1042/BJ20130148.

Abstract

Chemokines mediate diverse functions from organogenesis to mobilizing leucocytes, and are unusual agonists for class-A GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) because of their large size and multi-domain structure. The current model for receptor activation, which involves interactions between chemokine N-loop and receptor N-terminal residues (Site-I) and between chemokine N-terminal and receptor extracellular loop/transmembrane residues (Site-II), fails to describe differences in ligand/receptor selectivity and the activation of multiple signalling pathways. In the present study, we show in neutrophil-activating chemokine CXCL8 that the highly conserved GP (glycine-proline) motif located distal to both N-terminal and N-loop residues couples Site-I and Site-II interactions. GP mutants showed large differences from native-like to complete loss of function that could not be correlated with the specific mutation, receptor affinity or subtype, or a specific signalling pathway. NMR studies indicated that the GP motif does not influence Site-I interactions, but molecular dynamics simulations suggested that this motif dictates substates of the CXCL8 conformational ensemble. We conclude that the GP motif enables diverse receptor functions by controlling cross-talk between Site-I and Site-II, and further propose that the repertoire of chemokine functions is best described by a conformational ensemble model in which a network of long-range coupled indirect interactions mediate receptor activity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Amino Acid Substitution
  • Animals
  • Binding Sites
  • Calcium Signaling
  • Cell Line
  • Conserved Sequence
  • Female
  • Interleukin-8 / chemistry*
  • Interleukin-8 / metabolism
  • Ligands
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Neutrophils / immunology
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Rats
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8A / chemistry*
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8A / genetics
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8A / metabolism
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8B / chemistry*
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8B / genetics
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8B / metabolism

Substances

  • Interleukin-8
  • Ligands
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8A
  • Receptors, Interleukin-8B