Metabolomic approach assisted high resolution LC-ESI-MS based identification of a xenobiotic derivative of fenhexamid produced by Lactobacillus casei

J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Sep 18;61(37):8969-75. doi: 10.1021/jf4022493. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

Abstract

Fenhexamid is a widely used fungicide with one of the highest maximum tolerance limits approved for fruits and vegetables. The goal of this study was to examine if fenhexamid is metabolized by a nontarget organism, a Lactobacillus species (Lactobacillus casei Shirota), a probiotic strain of the human gastrointestinal tract. The assignment of bacterial derivatives of the xenobiotic fenhexamid was substantially facilitated by a metabolomic software based approach optimized for the extraction of molecular features of chlorine-containing compounds from liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry data with an untargeted compound search algorithm. After validating the software with a set of seventeen chlorinated pesticides and manually verifying the result lists, eleven molecular features out of 4363 turned out to be bacterial derivatives of fenhexamid, revealing the O-glycosyl derivative as the most abundant one that arose from the fermentation medium of Lactobacillus casei Shirota in the presence of 100 μg/mL fenhexamid.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amides / chemistry*
  • Amides / metabolism
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods*
  • Fungicides, Industrial / chemistry
  • Fungicides, Industrial / metabolism
  • Lacticaseibacillus casei / chemistry*
  • Lacticaseibacillus casei / metabolism*
  • Metabolomics / methods*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / methods*
  • Xenobiotics / chemistry*
  • Xenobiotics / metabolism

Substances

  • Amides
  • Fungicides, Industrial
  • Xenobiotics
  • N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide