Cases of sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) in Ireland in children aged > 1 year and < 5 years were examined in order to assess the quality of autopsy reporting. All SUDC cases are notified to and documented by the National Sudden Infant Death Register (NSIDR) in Ireland along with all cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) referring to sudden infant deaths less than one year of age. The database of the NSIDR in Ireland was interrogated and cases of SIDS and SUDC were compared over a fifteen-year period (1995-2009). SIDS cases whose autopsies were conducted in the same hospital in the same year as the index SUDC case were used for comparison. The autopsy report for each case was examined and modified Rushton (MR) score(s1) calculated. MR scores were compared along with the number of paediatric pathology prosectors and the year of autopsy examination between the two groups. 45 cases were registered as SUDC (age 52 - 152 weeks) between 1995-2009. Autopsy reports were available for 43/45 (95%) of these. 43 SIDS cases from the same year and site of autopsy were used for comparison. Overall MR scores were higher in the SIDS cases, with 29/43 (67%) cases obtaining the minimum arbitrary score (MAS) of > 300 compared to 25/43 (58%) of SUDC cases. Paediatric pathologists in specialist centres carried out similar numbers of SIDS autopsies and SUDC autopsies (46% SIDS, 44% SUDC). Autopsies carried out by paediatric pathologists in specialist centres met the MAS in 19/21 (90%) SIDS cases and 18/19 (95%) SUDC cases. Based on our findings we recommend referral of all SUDC cases to specialist centres for optimal autopsy examination and investigation, and that cases of sudden unexpected death in children over 1 year of age are investigated according to the same guidelines as are used for unexpected death under one year of age.