Short term signaling responses in roots of young soybean seedlings exposed to cadmium stress

Abstract

In the present study, the expression of fourteen genes involved in various signal transduction pathways was examined in young soybean (Glycine max) seedlings exposed to cadmium at two concentrations (10 mg L(-1) and 25 mg L(-1)) for short time periods (3, 6 and 24 h). The results show that cadmium causes induction of genes encoding proteins involved in ethylene and polyamines metabolism, nitric oxide generation, MAPK cascades and regulation of other genes' expression. The bioinformatic analysis of promoter sequences of Cd-inducible genes revealed that their promoters possess several regulative motifs associated with the plant response to stress factors and abscisic acid and ethylene signaling. The involvement of ethylene in the response of soybean seedlings to cadmium stress was further confirmed by the real-time analysis of ethylene production during 24 h of CdCl2 treatment. The role of the described signaling elements in transduction of the cadmium signal in young soybean seedlings is discussed.

Keywords: 1-aminocycpropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase; ACS; CAM; CDPK; Cadmium; DAO; Ethylene; Gene expression; MAPK; MAPKK; NO; NR; PCD; PCR; PLC; ROS; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; S-adenosynomethionine; SAM; SAMDC; SNP; Signaling; Transcription factors; calcium-dependent protein kinase; calmodulin; diamine oxidase; mitogen-activated protein kinase; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; nitrate reductase; nitric oxide; phospholipase C; polymerase chain reaction; programmed cell death; reactive oxygen species; sodium nitroprusside.