Irradiated normal brain promotes invasion of glioblastoma through vascular endothelial growth and stromal cell-derived factor 1α

Neuroreport. 2013 Sep 11;24(13):730-4. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32836459ac.

Abstract

The significance of irradiated normal brain volume in glioma recurrence is usually ignored by radiotherapists. The whole-brain irradiation (WBI) of 15 Gy in three fractions was delivered to C57BL/6 mice before implantation of GL261 glioma cells. The changes in vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) after WBI were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cell invasion assays were performed to study the effects of VEGF and SDF-1α. The levels of VEGF and SDF-1α in normal brain tissues increased after 15 Gy WBI. The WBI before tumor implantation significantly increased the invasive ability of GL261 cells. VEGF and SDF-1α could promote invasion of GL261 cells even after high-dose irradiation. The combination of irradiation and inhibitors such as AMD3100 may prevent irradiation-stimulated dissemination of glioma cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Benzylamines
  • Brain / radiation effects*
  • Brain Chemistry / radiation effects
  • Brain Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Chemokine CXCL12 / physiology*
  • Cyclams
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Gamma Rays
  • Glioblastoma / pathology*
  • Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacology
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Receptors, CXCR4 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Receptors, CXCR4 / metabolism
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / physiology*

Substances

  • Benzylamines
  • Chemokine CXCL12
  • Cyclams
  • Cytokines
  • Heterocyclic Compounds
  • Receptors, CXCR4
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • plerixafor