Introduction: Schistosomiasis is endemic in 74 countries and is considered a serious public health problem in some locations.
Methods: A transverse study was performed of 13 landless settlements in southern Sergipe from February to December 2009. The study included 822 settlers, of whom 601 underwent stool testing.
Results: The prevalence of schistosomiasis in landless workers was 4.3%. The population has a low education level, and basic sanitation services are not available to all residents.
Conclusions: The prevalence of schistosomiasis was low in the population and among different settlements, possibly because of different forms of water use by the settlers.