Abstract
A versatile method of dual chemical functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with Tris-[nitrilotris(acetic acid)] (Tris-NTA) and biotin for cellular delivery of oligohistidine- and biotin-tagged biomolecules is reported. Orthogonally functionalized GO surfaces with Tris-NTA and biotin to obtain a dual-functionalized GO (DFGO) are prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Fluorescence microscopic images reveal that DFGO surfaces are capable of binding oligohistidine-tagged biomolecules/proteins and avidin/biotin-tagged biomolecules/proteins orthogonally. The DFGO nanoparticles are non-cytotoxic in nature and can deliver oligohistidine- and biotin-tagged biomolecules simultaneously into the cell.
Keywords:
Tris-NTA; biotin; cellular delivery; graphene oxide; surface functionalization.
© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Avidin / chemistry
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Biotin / chemistry*
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Drug Carriers / chemical synthesis*
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Drug Carriers / pharmacology
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Epithelial Cells / cytology
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Epithelial Cells / drug effects
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Epithelial Cells / metabolism
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Fluorescent Dyes
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Genes, Reporter
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Graphite / chemistry*
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Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
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Histidine / chemistry*
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Histidine / metabolism
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Humans
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Microscopy, Atomic Force
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Microscopy, Fluorescence
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Nanoparticles / chemistry*
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Nitrilotriacetic Acid / chemistry
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Oligopeptides / chemistry*
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Oligopeptides / metabolism
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Oxides
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Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
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Staining and Labeling / methods
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Tromethamine / analogs & derivatives
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Tromethamine / chemistry
Substances
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Drug Carriers
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Fluorescent Dyes
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Oligopeptides
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Oxides
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Tromethamine
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Avidin
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Green Fluorescent Proteins
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Histidine
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Biotin
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Graphite
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Nitrilotriacetic Acid