Human CD1c+ dendritic cells secrete high levels of IL-12 and potently prime cytotoxic T-cell responses

Blood. 2013 Aug 8;122(6):932-42. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-495424. Epub 2013 Jun 21.

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DC) have the unique capacities to induce primary T-cell responses. In mice, CD8α(+)DC are specialized to cross-prime CD8(+) T cells and produce interleukin-12 (IL-12) that promotes cytotoxicity. Human BDCA-3(+)DC share several relevant characteristics with CD8α(+)DC, but the capacities of human DC subsets to induce CD8(+) T-cell responses are incompletely understood. Here we compared CD1c(+) myeloid DC (mDC)1, BDCA-3(+)mDC2, and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues for phenotype, cytokine production, and their capacities to prime cytotoxic T cells. mDC1 were surprisingly the only human DC that secreted high amounts of IL-12p70, but they required combinational Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. mDC2 and pDC produced interferon-λ and interferon-α, respectively. Importantly, mDC1 and mDC2 required different combinations of TLR ligands to cross-present protein antigens to CD8(+) T cells. pDC were inefficient and also expressed lower levels of major histocompatibility complex and co-stimulatory molecules. Nevertheless, all DC induced CD8(+) memory T-cell expansions upon licensing by CD4(+) T cells, and primed naive CD8(+) T cells following appropriate TLR stimulation. However, because mDC1 produced IL-12, they induced the highest levels of cytotoxic molecules. In conclusion, CD1c(+)mDC1 are the relevant source of IL-12 for naive T cells and are fully equipped to cross-prime cytotoxic T-cell responses.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigen Presentation
  • Antigens, CD1 / metabolism*
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cell Separation
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Dendritic Cells / cytology*
  • Dendritic Cells / metabolism
  • Glycoproteins / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Memory
  • Interferon-alpha / metabolism
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism
  • Interleukin-12 / metabolism*
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Mice
  • Phenotype
  • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / cytology*
  • Toll-Like Receptors / metabolism

Substances

  • Antigens, CD1
  • CD1C protein, human
  • Cytokines
  • Glycoproteins
  • Interferon-alpha
  • Toll-Like Receptors
  • Interleukin-12
  • Interferon-gamma