Locus coeruleus kappa-opioid receptors modulate reinstatement of cocaine place preference through a noradrenergic mechanism

Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013 Nov;38(12):2484-97. doi: 10.1038/npp.2013.151. Epub 2013 Jun 21.

Abstract

Activation of kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) in monoamine circuits results in dysphoria-like behaviors and stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking in both conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration models. Noradrenergic (NA) receptor systems have also been implicated in similar behaviors. Dynorphinergic projections terminate within the locus coeruleus (LC), a primary source of norepinephrine in the forebrain, suggesting a possible link between the NA and dynorphin/kappa opioid systems, yet the implications of these putative interactions have not been investigated. We isolated the necessity of KORs in the LC in kappa opioid agonist (U50,488)-induced reinstatement of cocaine CPP by blocking KORs in the LC with NorBNI (KOR antagonist). KOR-induced reinstatement was significantly attenuated in mice injected with NorBNI in the LC. To determine the sufficiency of KORs in the LC on U50,488-induced reinstatement of cocaine CPP, we virally re-expressed KORs in the LC of KOR knockout mice. We found that KORs expression in the LC alone was sufficient to partially rescue KOR-induced reinstatement. Next we assessed the role of NA signaling in KOR-induced reinstatement of cocaine CPP in the presence and absence of a α2-agonist (clonidine), β-adrenergic receptor antagonist (propranolol), and β(1)- and β(2)-antagonist (betaxolol and ICI-118,551 HCl). Both the blockade of postsynaptic β(1)-adrenergic receptors and the activation of presynaptic inhibitory adrenergic autoreceptors selectively potentiated the magnitude of KOR-induced reinstatement of cocaine CPP but not cocaine-primed CPP reinstatement. Finally, viral restoration of KORs in the LC together with β-adrenergic receptor blockade did not potentiate KOR-induced reinstatement to cocaine CPP, suggesting that adrenergic receptor interactions occur at KOR-expressing regions external to the LC. These results identify a previously unknown interaction between KORs and NA systems and suggest a NA regulation of KOR-dependent reinstatement of cocaine CPP.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer / pharmacology
  • Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / pharmacology
  • Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists / pharmacology
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Betaxolol / pharmacology
  • Clonidine / pharmacology
  • Cocaine / administration & dosage
  • Cocaine / pharmacology*
  • Conditioning, Psychological / drug effects*
  • Drug-Seeking Behavior*
  • Locus Coeruleus / drug effects
  • Locus Coeruleus / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Naltrexone / analogs & derivatives
  • Naltrexone / pharmacology
  • Propanolamines / pharmacology
  • Propranolol / pharmacology
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Opioid, kappa / agonists
  • Receptors, Opioid, kappa / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Receptors, Opioid, kappa / metabolism*

Substances

  • Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists
  • Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Propanolamines
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
  • Receptors, Opioid, kappa
  • norbinaltorphimine
  • ICI 118551
  • Naltrexone
  • 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer
  • Propranolol
  • Cocaine
  • Clonidine
  • Betaxolol