Non-invasive ventilation (VNI), although it is a validated strategy for many years with serious scientific studies, remains a matter of acceptance by Romanian colleagues. In this investigation on 140 valid questionnaires we found that VNI was used by 22.1% of lung physicians, with the highest percentage of those under 40 years (30.8%); the home ventilation was indicated by 35.7% of colleagues, but actually only very few of them (5.2%) have experience which enables them to assert that they have a current practice. The major part of indications are related to COPD, chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Shortages in this field are manifold: from lack of knowledge concerning the VNI benefits who generates uncertainty in guidance and monitoring, to zero home insurance coverage and shortage of equipment in hospitals and ambulatory services.