Fracture healing is an extremely complex biological reconstruction process, affected by age, hormones, blood supply, degree of injury, mechanical load and many other factors, among which, mechanical stimuli is one of the most important. Bone tissue has a good adaptability to mechanical stress, as biomechanical studies have shown that the local mechanical environment of the fracture site plays a regulatory role in the process of fracture healing. The present article reviews the mechanical mechanisms and effects of mechanical stress on fracture healing.