Sensitization to Cor a 9 and Cor a 14 is highly specific for a hazelnut allergy with objective symptoms in Dutch children and adults

Abstract

Background: Component-resolved diagnosis has been shown to improve the diagnosis of food allergy.

Objective: We sought to evaluate whether component-resolved diagnosis might help to identify patients at risk of objective allergic reactions to hazelnut.

Method: A total of 161 hazelnut-sensitized patients were included: 40 children and 15 adults with objective symptoms on double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs) and 24 adults with a convincing objective history were compared with 41 children and 41 adults with no or subjective symptoms on DBPCFCs (grouped together). IgE levels to hazelnut extract and single components were analyzed with ImmunoCAP.

Results: IgE levels to hazelnut extract were significantly higher in children with objective than with no or subjective symptoms. In 13% of children and 49% of adults with hazelnut allergy with objective symptoms, only sensitization to rCor a 1.04 was observed and not to other water-soluble allergens. Sensitization to rCor a 8 was rare, which is in contrast to rCor a 1. Sensitization to nCor a 9, rCor a 14, or both was strongly associated with hazelnut allergy with objective symptoms. By using adapted cutoff levels, a diagnostic discrimination between severity groups was obtained. IgE levels to either nCor a 9 of 1 kUA/L or greater or rCor a 14 of 5 kUA/L or greater (children) and IgE levels to either nCor a 9 of 1 kUA/L or greater or rCor a 14 of 1 kUA/L or greater (adults) had a specificity of greater than 90% and accounted for 83% of children and 44% of adults with hazelnut allergy with objective symptoms.

Conclusion: Sensitization to Cor a 9 and Cor a 14 is highly specific for patients with objective symptoms in DBPCFCs as a marker for a more severe hazelnut allergic phenotype.

Keywords: AUC; Area under the curve; CCD; Component-resolved diagnosis; Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant; DBPCFC; Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge; diagnostics; double-blind; food allergy; hazelnut allergy; placebo-controlled food challenge; severity.