Greater energy reduction in 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) super-tasters as compared to non-tasters during a lifestyle intervention

Abstract

Little is known as to how 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taster status may influence changes in dietary intake in adults participating in a lifestyle intervention to assist with reducing weight. This secondary data analysis examined changes in energy, percent energy from macronutrients, and food group intake; physical activity; and body mass index (BMI) in super-tasters and non-tasters participating in two randomized controlled trials implementing a lifestyle obesity intervention. One trial focused on lowering energy density of the diet and the other trial focused on changing eating frequency. Overweight and obese participants (n = 57) who completed measures of dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometrics at 0 and 3 months were included in the analyses. Taster status was determined at baseline: 46 non-tasters and 11 super-tasters. After controlling for condition assignment and baseline values, results indicated that a significantly greater reduction in energy intake occurred for super-tasters as compared to non-tasters (-1149 ± 561 kcal/day vs. -902 ± 660 kcal/day, p < 0.05). No other significant differences in changes in dietary intake, physical activity, or BMI were found. These results suggest that in situations of reducing energy intake, overweight and obese super-tasters may be more successful than overweight and obese non-tasters. More research is needed to understand the influence of taster-status on dietary change during a lifestyle intervention and how this may impact weight loss.