Clinical and molecular spectrum of renal malformations in Kabuki syndrome

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency and types of renal malformations, and to evaluate renal function in a cohort of patients with Kabuki syndrome (KS).

Study design: Renal ultrasound scans and plasma creatinine measurements were collected from a French cohort of 94 patients with genotyped KS. Renal function was evaluated based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate. A genotype-phenotype study was conducted for renal and urinary tract malformations.

Results: Renal malformations were present in 22% of cases, and urinary tract anomalies were present in 15%. Renal malformations were observed in 28% of the MLL2 mutation-positive group and in 0% of the MLL2 mutation-negative group (P = .015). No correlation was found between the presence or absence of renal or urinary tract malformations and the location or type of MLL2 mutation. Renal function was normal except for 1 patient with a MLL2 mutation diagnosed in the first days of life and severe renal disease due to unilateral renal agenesia and controlateral severe hypoplasia that progressed to the terminal stage at age 2 years.

Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the need for ultrasound and renal function screening in children diagnosed with KS.

Keywords: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; KS; Kabuki syndrome; US; Ultrasound; eGFR.