Authors conducted a clinical and psychological study in 3 groups of patients: 43 patients with medication overuse headache (MOH), 23 patients with chronic headache without medication overuse and 14 patients with episodic migraine. Along with clinical and neurological examination, the following questionnaires were administered: the McGill questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Spielberger-Khanin test, the Toronto alexithymia scale, the Leonhard personality inventory and an inventory based on the Benzodiazepine Dependence Self-Report Questionnaire (BDSRQ). It was demonstrated similar clinical and psychological profiles, with the exception of BDSRQ scores, of patients with chronic headache irrelevant of the presence of headache abortive medication overuse. It was identified a progressive disease course with a formation of a specific behavioral pattern. Further studies are warranted to understand the reasons for acquiring behavioral dependence on analgetic medications, to improve management and prevent relapses of medication overuse headache.