To assess the genetic diversity and relationship of the Tibetan yak breeds. The genetic diversity and phylogenies of a total of 480 individual from 11 Tibetan yak groups were analyzed using PCR and multiplex gel electrophoresis of silver staining technology with eight pairs of microsatellite markers.The result showed that these markers were highly polymorphic loci with rich genetic diversity in the Tibetan yak populations.The average polymorphic information content (PIC) in 11 groups of yak were higher than 0.5. The highest HEL13 was 0.8496, and the lowest TGLA57 was 0.7349. Among them, the PICof Dingqing yak was minimum (0.7505), indicating that the group is relatively pure.Sangri Yak had the highest PIC value (0.7949) indicating greater genetic variationwithinthe groups. Among the 11 groups examined, the order of heterozygosity size wasSangri(0.8193)>Jiangda(0.8190)>Sangsang(0.8157)>Baqing(0.8150)>Kangbu(0.8123)> Jiali(0.8087)>Gongbujiangda(0.8054)>Sibu(0.8041)>Leiwuqi(0.8033)>Pali(0.8031)>Dingqing(0.7831). The groups from eastern Tibet had grater genetic diversity than those from Western Tibet, which indicate that Tibet may be one of the cradles of the yak.According to the genetic distance, the cluster relationship constructed with UPGMA and NJ methods showed that 11 yak groups in Tibet could be divided into three forms. In summary,Tibet yak has abundant genetic diversity and the selected microsatellite markers can be used to evaluategenetic diversity of Tibetan yak.