Genetic structure of the aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, and its role as a vector of the Strawberry Yellow Edge Virus to a native strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis in Chile

J Insect Sci. 2012:12:110. doi: 10.1673/031.012.11001.

Abstract

The monoecious anholocyclical aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Aphididae), was collected on a native strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duchesne (Rosales: Rosaceae) from different sites in Chile. The presence of this aphid was recorded during two consecutive years. F. chiloensis plants were collected from seven natural and cultivated growing areas in central and southern Chile. Aphids were genotyped by cross-species amplification of four microsatellite loci from other aphid species. In addition, the aphid borne virus Strawberry mild yellow edge virus was confirmed in F. chiloensis plants by double-antibody sandwich ELISA and RT-PCR. Genetic variability and structure of the aphid populations was assessed from the geo-referenced individuals through AMOVA and a Bayesian assignment test. The presence of C. fragaefolii, during the two-year study was detected in only four of the seven sites (Curepto, Contulmo, Chilián and Cucao). Genetic variation among these populations reached 19% of the total variance. When assigning the individuals to groups, these were separated in three genetic clusters geographically disjunct. Of the seven sampled sites, six were positive for the virus by RT-PCR, and five by double-antibody sandwich ELISA . The incidence of the virus ranged from 0-100%. Presence of the virus corresponded with the presence of the aphid in all but two sites (Chilian and Vilches). The greatest incidence of Strawberry mild yellow edge virus was related to the abundance of aphids. On the other hand, sequences of the coat protein gene of the different virus samples did not show correspondence with either the genetic groups of the aphids or the sampling sites. The genetic structure of aphids could suggest that dispersal is mainly through human activities, and the spread to natural areas has not yet occurred on a great scale.

El áfido monoico anholocícilico Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Aphididae) fue colectado sobre Fragaria chiloensis en distintas localidades de Chile. Durante dos anos consecutivos se registró su presencia y se tomaron muestras de hojas de F. chiloensis en siete localidades, incluyendo sitios naturales y cultivados. Usando amplificación cruzada de partidores microsatelitales de otras especies de áfidos, se genotipificaron los individuos colectados de C. fragaefolii. Al mismo tiempo se realizó un ELISA de sandwich confirmación mediante RT-PCR del Strawberry mild yellow edge virus de las plantas presentes en las distintas localidades. La variabilidad y estruetura genética de los individuos georeferenciados fue determinada mediante AMOVA y asignamiento Bayesiano. De siete lugares muestreados durante los dos años sólo en cuatro se encontraron ejemplares de C. fragaefolii (Curepto, Contulmo, Chilian y Cucao). La variación genética entre localidades fue de un 19 %. Al asignar los individuos a grupos, estos se agruparon en tres unidades genéticas geográficamente separadas. De las siete localidades muestreadas seis localidades fueron positivas para el virus tanto a nivel de ELISA de doble sandwich como de RT-PCR. La incidencia del virus en las distintas localidades muestreadas fluetuó entre 0 y 100 %. La presencia del virus correspondióo con las presencia del áfido en todas las localidades, a excepción de dos de ellas: Chilián y Vilches. La mayor incidencia de Strawberry mild yellow edge virus estaría relacionada a una mayor abundancia de áfidos. Por otra parte, las secuencias del gen de la cubierta proteica de las distintas cepas virales no mostraron correspondencia con los grupos genéticos de los áfidos ni con las localidades de colecta. La estruetura genética de los áfidos sugiere que la dispersión ha estado relacionada a las actividades humanas y que invasiones a zonas naturales no han ocurrido aun a una gran escala.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Analysis of Variance
  • Animals
  • Aphids / genetics*
  • Aphids / physiology
  • Aphids / virology*
  • Bayes Theorem
  • Chile
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Female
  • Food Chain
  • Fragaria / growth & development
  • Fragaria / virology*
  • Gene Flow
  • Genes, Insect*
  • Genetic Variation
  • Microsatellite Repeats
  • Plant Diseases / virology*
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Potexvirus / genetics*
  • Seasons