Normal undisturbed voiding is a complex mechanism controlled by central nervous system, peripheral autonomic somatic, parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. The process of urination is depended on complex coordinated action of bladder and urethra, regulated by action of several neurotransmitters. This interdependent process may lead to various pathologies. One of it is over activity of detrusor muscle which etiology is multifactorial, diagnosis remains a challenge and therapy may be difficult. Multifactorial etiology of overactive bladder with urgency symptoms and urinary frequency with or without urinary incontinence may lead to difficult therapeutic situations. Combination of lifestyle, changes, pharmacological treatment and physiotherapy are all not fully satisfying. Epidemiological data are not completely clear and environmental influences seem to be important. The clinical problems of overactive bladder due to their substantial impact on women's health need further analysis which should improve prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy.