Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disease of unknown etiology. Recently, it is assumed that the occurrence of GD co-existence with endogenous factors (genetic and interthyroid) and exogenous (environmental). Autoantibodies against the TSHR are a key element leading to the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disease. TSHR stimulating antibodies dominate and lead to the development of hyperthyroidism. Among the environmental factors which directly affecting the defect-suppressor T cells can be calculated: infections, smoking, stress, excessive iodine intake, certain medications, therapy with radioiodine. Scientific reports in recent years allow more and better understand the mechanisms leading to the development CD at the molecular level. Linked to this is the hope of creating new treatments and prevention strategies.