Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem with an estimated 200 million people infected in the world, and in China, schistosomiasis japonica is endemic in the south part of the country. In 1960s, before praziquantel was developed, there were about seven million patients. Praziquantel has a high efficacy against Schistosoma, few and transient side effects, simple administration and competitive cost, and is equally suited for both individual and large-scale treatment. Praziquantel has been widely used in the morbidity control, transmission control, and prevention of schistosomiasis japonica in China since 1980s. The schemes of praziquantel chemotherapy include the diagnostic selective chemotherapy, extensive chemotherapy, mass chemotherapy, stratified chemotherapy, phased chemotherapy, etc. Chemotherapy alone or combined with other control measure, such as Oncomelania snail control, health education, safety water supply, and so on, has achieved a great success, and there are only 0.33 million infected people now. This paper reviews the application of praziquantel in the schistosomiasis japonica control strategies in China so as to provide the rich experiences for reference of health workers of other countries where schistosomiasis is endemic.