Retinopathy of prematurity is one of only few potentially blinding retinal diseases of infancy amenable to prevention of visual loss by appropriate and timely therapeutic measures. Retinal ablative therapies, such as laser coagulation eliminate the disease-causing secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by the avascular peripheral retina. Blockage of VEGF activity by intravitreal administration of VEGF-inhibitory drugs has likewise proven effective in recent clinical studies. Advanced stages of the disease may require surgical intervention. Knowledge of indications and techniques of the different currently available treatment options is crucial to ensure an optimal visual outcome for the affected children.