A practical approach to language complexity: a Wikipedia case study

PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48386. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048386. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

Abstract

In this paper we present statistical analysis of English texts from Wikipedia. We try to address the issue of language complexity empirically by comparing the simple English Wikipedia (Simple) to comparable samples of the main English Wikipedia (Main). Simple is supposed to use a more simplified language with a limited vocabulary, and editors are explicitly requested to follow this guideline, yet in practice the vocabulary richness of both samples are at the same level. Detailed analysis of longer units (n-grams of words and part of speech tags) shows that the language of Simple is less complex than that of Main primarily due to the use of shorter sentences, as opposed to drastically simplified syntax or vocabulary. Comparing the two language varieties by the Gunning readability index supports this conclusion. We also report on the topical dependence of language complexity, that is, that the language is more advanced in conceptual articles compared to person-based (biographical) and object-based articles. Finally, we investigate the relation between conflict and language complexity by analyzing the content of the talk pages associated to controversial and peacefully developing articles, concluding that controversy has the effect of reducing language complexity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Comprehension
  • Encyclopedias as Topic
  • Humans
  • Language*
  • Models, Statistical*
  • Speech
  • Vocabulary

Grants and funding

Financial support from EU’s FP7 (Seventh Framework Programme) FET-Open (Future and Emerging Technologies Open Scheme) to ICTeCollective Project No. 238597 is acknowledged by all authors (http://becs.aalto.fi/ictecollective/). Kornai was partially supported by OTKA (Hungarian Scientific Research Fund) grant number 82333. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.