The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) requires the orchestration of multiple immune cells that mediate inflammation and tissue remodeling in the skin. T helper cell subsets that secrete specific cytokines have a central role in regulating the inflammatory process. In this review we discuss defined roles for T helper subsets in AD, how the microbiome might impact the development and function of T helper subsets, and animal models that will be useful for testing hypotheses on the interactions of a polarized T-cell response with skin inflammation. Future studies that link these areas will provide important insight into the development of skin inflammation and AD.